When choosing an LCD display, the viewing angle is a crucial factor to consider. It directly affects the viewing experience, especially in situations where the screen is shared among multiple people or viewed from different angles. This article aims to provide a detailed explanation on how to differentiate the viewing angles of LCD displays, assisting users in making more informed choices.
1. Definition and Importance of Viewing Angle
The viewing angle refers to the range of angles within which screen content can be clearly viewed, under specific visual requirements. This includes two aspects:
Contrast: Typically, a 10:1 contrast ratio is required.
Gray Scale: There should be no gray scale inversion.
The angle at which the contrast ratio reaches 10:1 without gray scale inversion is defined as the viewing angle.
2. Working Principle of LCDs
LCD screens work through a light transmission mechanism. Light passes through the liquid crystal layer at nearly perpendicular angles, hence, the best visual effect is usually directly in front of the screen. When the viewing angle changes, the angle at which light enters the eyes also changes, causing display content to distort or darken. Beyond a certain critical angle, the screen content becomes difficult to discern.
3. Categories of Viewing Angles
Viewing angles are mainly divided into two categories:
Horizontal Viewing Angle: Refers to the range within which content can still be viewed normally to the left or right of the screen's vertical normal (i.e., the vertical line in the middle).
Vertical Viewing Angle: Refers to the range above and below the screen's horizontal direction within which images can still be viewed normally.
4. Viewing Angle Differences Among Panel Types
TN Panels: These panels have a relatively small viewing angle. Improved TN+film panels, with compensation film, have enhanced viewing angles, but still experience distortion or color shifts when contrast decreases.
VA Panels: Commonly used in high-end LCDs, these wide-angle panels usually have a larger viewing angle (about 170°) and high contrast (up to 3000:1), making text display particularly clear.
IPS Hard Screen Panels: Offer the widest viewing angle, up to 178 degrees. These panels have almost no color distortion, providing a consistent viewing effect from both front and side angles.
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